Sociodemographic profile and gestacional aspects of women with hiv/aids in Curitiba, Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the sociodemographic and gestational profile of HIV-positive women in Curitiba-PR, years 2018-2020. METHOD: Observational, cross-sectional research, with data obtained from the Information System of Diseases of Notification of Pregnant Women. Data were analyzed for consistency exploration, description and analysis. RESULTS: The sample consisted mostly of women aged 13-30 years, white and with incomplete elementary school. Prenatal care was performed by 93.8% of pregnant women, 66.1% of whom knew their serological status before prenatal care and 45% received notification in the first gestational trimester. Access to antiretroviral medication occurred for 82.4% of pregnant women and for 74.6% the pregnancy outcome was alive newborns. The statistical variables associated with prenatal care were pregnancy evolution, ART prophylaxis, type of delivery and ART at delivery (p<0.00). CONCLUSION: The pregnant women in the sample presented desired gestational indicators. The collected data allowed describing the sample's profile and evaluating the performance of the health policy for pregnant women.

Potentialities and limitations of Interprofessional Education during graduation: a systematic review and thematic synthesis of qualitative studies.

BACKGROUND: Rapid demographic, epidemiological, technological, cultural/behavioural, and educational transitions, as they become more complex, demand new integrated and complementary professional skills and abilities. Interprofessional Education (IPE) is a promising alternative to deal with these changes, especially in courses in the health area. This systematic review was to explore the potentialities and limitations of IPE, from the perspective of undergraduate students, through a thematic synthesis of qualitative studies. METHODS: A thematic synthesis of qualitative studies was conducted. The question elaborated for this review was: "What is the impact of interprofessional education on the teaching and learning of students in the health area inserted in Higher Education Institutions?". The search strategy was performed in the electronic databases PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library, and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). In addition, searches were carried out in grey literature on the ERIC platforms, ProQuest Disserts and Theses, and Academic Google. The assessment of the quality of the studies was carried out using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme tool. Data were summarized through thematic synthesis. From the databases, 8,793 studies were identified. After standardized filters procedures, critical summaries, and assessment of relevance to the eligibility criteria, 14 articles were included. RESULTS: The synthesis of the studies revealed the potential of this teaching approach, arranged in three analytical themes: learning from each other and about them; the value of education and interprofessional practice; patient-centred health care. On the other hand, some limitations were also identified, such as barriers related to EIP; the difficulties related to teaching methodologies. CONCLUSION: Overcoming the identified limitations can enhance the results of the IPE, in view of its impact on the education of students and on the health care of the population.

Retorno das atividades presenciais nos cursos de Odontologia brasileiros na pandemia de COVID-19: comparação entre instituições públicas e privadas / Retorno de las actividades presenciales en los cursos de Odontología brasileños durante la pandemia de COVID-19: comparación entre instituciones públicas y privadas / Return of on-site activities in Brazilian Dentistry courses during the COVID-19 pandemic: comparison between public and private institutions

Trata-se de estudo quanti-qualitativo que analisa o retorno das atividades presenciais nos cursos de Odontologia brasileiros, durante a pandemia de COVID-19, e as dificuldades enfrentadas, comparando instituições públicas e privadas. Um formulário on-line com questões abertas e fechadas foi encaminhado por e-mail aos representantes dos cursos de Odontologia, de março a junho de 2021. Foram incluídos os cursos cadastrados no sitee-MEC iniciados até 2017. A análise quantitativa utilizou os testes qui-quadrado, exato de Fisher e t de Student(p<0,05); uma questão aberta foi submetida à análise temática de conteúdo. Dos 329 cursos elegíveis, foram respondidos 83 formulários (21 públicos e 62 privados). Os cursos de instituições públicas apresentaram menor frequência de retorno das atividades presenciais até a data da coleta (p=0,038), inclusive com maior proporção de suspensão das atividades clínicas e laboratoriais (p≤0,001), mas sem diferença para aulas teóricas remotas (p>0,05). Os cursos privados demonstraram ter maior disponibilidade de recursos para o retorno presencial, tais como: estrutura, funcionários e docentes (p<0,001). Apesar das normas de biossegurança constituírem um desafio comum, as principais dificuldades relatadas nas instituições privadas diante do retorno das atividades presenciais foram a modulação ou escalonamento das turmas e ambientes de aula, controle do fluxo de pessoas e implantação de protocolos. Nas públicas, destacam-se dificuldades relacionadas à adequação da estrutura e aquisição de materiais. Conclui-se que a maioria dos cursos de Odontologia havia retomado às aulas no início de 2021, mas as instituições privadas apresentaram maior proporção de retorno às atividades laboratoriais e clínicas presenciais (AU).

Se trata de un estudio cuantitativo y cualitativo que analiza el retorno de las actividades presenciales en las carreras de Odontología brasileñas, durante la pandemia de COVID-19, y las dificultades enfrentadas, comparando instituciones públicas y privadas. Se envió por correo electrónico un formulario en línea con preguntas abiertas y cerradas a los representantes de los cursos de Odontología, de marzo a junio de 2021. Se incluyeron los cursos registrados en el sitio web de e-MEC que iniciaron hasta el año 2017. El análisis cuantitativo utilizó las pruebas chi-cuadrado, Fisher exacta y t de Student (p<0,05); se sometió una pregunta abierta al análisis de contenido temático. De los 329 cursos elegibles, se completaron 83 formularios (21 públicos y 62 privados). Los cursos de instituciones públicas mostraron una menor frecuencia de retorno a actividades presenciales hasta la fecha de cobro (p=0,038), incluyendo una mayor proporción de suspensión de actividades clínicas y de laboratorio (p≤0,001), pero sin diferencia para clases teóricas remotas (p >0.05). Los cursos privados demostraron mayor disponibilidad de recursos para el retorno presencial, tales como: estructura, personal y docentes (p<0,001). Si bien los estándares de bioseguridad constituyen un desafío común, las principales dificultades reportadas en las instituciones privadas ante el regreso de las actividades presenciales fueron modular o escalonar clases y ambientes de aula, controlar el flujo de personas e implementar protocolos. En las públicas destacan dificultades relacionadas con la adecuación de la estructura y adquisición de materiales. Se concluye que la mayoría de las carreras de Odontología habían retomado clases a inicios de 2021, pero las instituciones privadas tuvieron una mayor proporción de retorno a las actividades presenciales de laboratorio y clínicas (AU).

This is a quantitative-qualitative study analyzing the return of on-site activities in Brazilian dentistry undergraduate courses during the COVID-19 pandemic and the difficulties faced, comparing public and private institutions. An online form with open and multiple-choice questions was sent via e-mail to the representatives of dentistry courses from March to June 2021. The courses included were those registered on the e-MEC webpage that had started up to 2017. The quantitative analysis employed the chi-square, the Fisher exact, and the T student tests (p<0.05); the open question was subjected to thematic content analysis. Out of the 329 eligible courses, 83 forms were answered and returned (21 public and 62 private). Public institution courses showed lower frequency of return to on-site activities up tothe data collection (p=0.038), and presented higher proportion of suspension of clinical and laboratory activities (p≤0.001), but no difference regarding remote theoretical lessons (p>0.05). Private courses showed higher availability of resources supporting the return to on-site activities, namely, structure, workers, and professors (p<0.001). Although biosafety norms presented a common challenge, the main difficulties reported in private institutions related to the return to on-site activities were the modulation and schedule of the classes and lesson environments, controlling the flow of people, and the implementation of protocols. Public institutions highlighted difficulties related to adjustment of the structure and material acquisition. The results showed that most dentistry courses had returned to on-site lessons in the early 2021, but private institutions reported higher proportion of return to on-site laboratory and clinical activities (AU).

Psychometric Properties of Food Frequency Questionnaires Used in Dentistry: A Systematic Review.

The objective of this systematic review was to analyze the quality of the food frequency instruments/scales used in dentistry while considering their psychometric properties. The databases consulted were PubMed (August 7, 2020), Scopus (August 27, 2020), Web of Science (August 27, 2020), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL) and Dentistry and Oral Sciences Source (via EBSCO) (August 28, 2020), LILACS and BBO (August 25, 2020), gray literature: Proquest (October 1, 2020), Capes Theses Bank (October 1, 2020), Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (October 1, 2020), Google Scholar (October 2, 2020), and proceedings of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) (October 10, 2020). All databases were updated on December 12, 2022. Articles were initially selected by reading the 6,421 titles and 13 abstracts selected, followed by reading the 8 articles included for full text reading to confirm the eligibility criteria, with the aid of Rayyan software. Databases of the construction and/or validation of instruments/scales for assessing food consumption for use in dentistry (in clinical contexts and/or epidemiological studies), with or without assessment of their psychometric properties, were included. Review studies, letters to editors, and research protocols were excluded. Risk of bias assessment was performed according to the Consensus-Based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) checklist. The extracted data were author, country, instrument language, sample, assessment instrument, instrument structure, type of food, instruments compared with the clinical condition, adaptation of an existing instrument, and psychometric properties evaluated. The selection, risk of bias analysis, and data extraction processes were performed by two independent evaluators. Seven studies were identified. The instruments available in the literature were in English, Japanese, Creole, and Malay. Only one study performed translation and cross-cultural validation of an instrument, whereas the others were construction studies. One study did not assess psychometric properties. Regarding the quality assessment and general classification of the studies by the COSMIN checklist, all were considered "inadequate," with reliability (test-retest) being the most validated psychometric property; only one study carried out the validation of all psychometric properties measured in COSMIN. Regarding the quality of the instruments presented, all the studies were classified as "inadequate" in the general assessment. Advances are needed in the validation process.

Sociodemographic profile and gestacional aspects of women with hiv/aids in Curitiba, Brazil / Perfil sociodemográfico y aspectos gestacionales de mujeres com vih/sida em Curitiba, Brasil / Perfil sociodemográfico e aspectos gestacionais de mulheres com hiv/aids de Curitiba, Brasil

ABSTRACT Objective: To describe the sociodemographic and gestational profile of HIV-positive women in Curitiba-PR, years 2018-2020. Method: Observational, cross-sectional research, with data obtained from the Information System of Diseases of Notification of Pregnant Women. Data were analyzed for consistency exploration, description and analysis. Results: The sample consisted mostly of women aged 13-30 years, white and with incomplete elementary school. Prenatal care was performed by 93.8% of pregnant women, 66.1% of whom knew their serological status before prenatal care and 45% received notification in the first gestational trimester. Access to antiretroviral medication occurred for 82.4% of pregnant women and for 74.6% the pregnancy outcome was alive newborns. The statistical variables associated with prenatal care were pregnancy evolution, ART prophylaxis, type of delivery and ART at delivery (p<0.00). Conclusion: The pregnant women in the sample presented desired gestational indicators. The collected data allowed describing the sample's profile and evaluating the performance of the health policy for pregnant women.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Describir el perfil sociodemográfico y gestacional de mujeres VIH positivas en Curitiba-PR, años 2018-2020. Método: Investigación observacional, de corte transversal, condatos obtenidos del Sistema de Información de Enfermedades de Notificación de la mujer embarazada. Los datos fueron analizados para exploración, descripción y análisis de consistencia. Resultados: La muestra estuvo compuesta en su mayoría por mujeres de 13 a 30 años, blancas y con instrucción básica incompleta. El control prenatal fue realizado por el 93,8% de las gestantes, siendo que el 66,1% conocía su estado serológico antes Del control prenatal y el 45% recibió notificación en el 1er trimestre. El acceso a la medicación antirretroviral ocurrió para el 82,4% de las mujeres embarazadas y para el 74,6% el resultado del embarazo fue nacido vivo. Las variables asociadas estadísticamente al control prenatal fueron evolución del embarazo, profilaxis antirretroviral, tipo de parto y antirretroviral al parto (p<0,001). Conclusión: Las gestantes de la muestra presentaron indicadores gestacionales deseados. Los datos recolectados permitieron describir el perfil de la muestra y evaluar El desempeño de la política de salud de las mujeres embarazadas.

RESUMO Objetivo: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e gestacional de mulheres HIV positivo de Curitiba-PR, anos 2018-2020. Método: Pesquisa observacional, transversal, com dados do Sistema de Informação de Agravos de notificação das gestantes. Os dados foram analisados para exploração de consistência, descrição e análise. Resultados: Amostra perfilou-se majoritariamente por mulheres brancas na faixa etária de 13-30 anos. Pré-natal foi realizado por 93,8% das gestantes, sendo que 66,1% sabiam sua condição sorológica antes do pré-natal e 45% receberam a notificação no 1º trimestre. O acesso à medicação antirretroviral ocorreu para 82,4% das gestantes e para 74,6% o desfecho da gestação foi bebê nascido vivo. As variáveis estatisticamente associadas ao pré-natal foram evolução da gravidez, profilaxia com antirretroviral, tipo de parto e antirretroviral no parto (p<0,001). Conclusão: As gestantes da amostra apresentaram indicadores gestacionais desejados. Os dados coletados permitiram descrever o perfil da amostra e avaliar o desempenho da política de saúde para gestantes.

[Implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy and its influence on oral health conditions in Brazilian state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century]. / Implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e sua influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais brasileiras na primeira década do século XXI.

The study aimed to analyze strategies for the implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (PNSB) and its influence on oral health conditions in state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century. This is a policy assessment study. Data on oral health conditions were obtained from the databases of the Brazilian National Oral Health Surveys in 2003 and 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 and SBBrasil 2010), calculating the annual percent change in variables pertaining to oral health conditions as dependent variables for Brazilian state capitals. The PNSB was analyzed according to its conceptual foundations: oral healthcare model, organization of the supply of oral health services, implementation of oral health promotion strategies, and existence of fluoridation of the public water supply. Data were obtained from the national health databases and face-to-face interviews with oral health coordinators in 13 state capitals. The analyses were controlled and adjusted by the target population's socioeconomic conditions. An association was observed between the characteristics of oral health promotion, services supply, and model of care, indicating that the public services' dynamic is dependent on the management priorities and the policy's conduction. In conclusion, the PNSB is implemented differently in Brazil's state capitals according to the ways its guidelines are conducted in each capital and whether it favors best practices and strategies in oral healthcare. However, the influence of the PNSB is still not clear on the modification of oral health indicators from 2003 to 2010.

Objetivou-se analisar estratégias de implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) e sua possível influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais do Brasil na primeira década do século XXI. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliação de políticas. Os dados de morbidade bucal foram obtidos nos bancos das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde Bucal em 2003 e 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 e SBBrasil 2010), sendo calculada a modificação percentual anual de variáveis relativas às condições de saúde bucal como variáveis dependentes para as capitais brasileiras. A PNSB foi investigada relativamente às suas bases conceituais: modelo de atenção em saúde bucal, organização da oferta de serviços de saúde bucal, implementação de estratégias de promoção da saúde bucal e existência de fluoretação nas águas de abastecimento público. Para isso, foram utilizados dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde nacionais e aplicação de questionário face a face com coordenadores de saúde bucal de 13 capitais selecionadas. As análises foram controladas e ajustadas pelas condições socioeconômicas da população investigada. Observou-se uma associação entre as características de promoção de saúde bucal, da oferta de serviços e do modelo de atenção, o que representa que a dinâmica dos serviços públicos é dependente das prioridades de gestão e da condução da política. Conclui-se que a PNSB é implementada de forma diferente nas capitais brasileiras e o modo de condução de suas diretrizes, em cada capital, favorece ou não o desenvolvimento de melhores práticas e estratégias na atenção à saúde bucal. Contudo, a influência da PNSB sobre a modificação nos indicadores de saúde bucal entre 2003 e 2010 ainda é pouco clara.

El objetivo fue analizar estrategias de implantación de la Política Nacional de Salud Bucal (PNSB) y su posible influencia sobre la morbilidad bucal en capitales de Brasil, durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Se trata de un estudio de evaluación de políticas. Los datos de morbilidad bucal se obtuvieron en los bancos de datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud Bucal en 2003 y 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 y SBBrasil 2010), calculándose la modificación del porcentaje anual de variables relacionadas con las condiciones de salud bucal, como variables dependientes para las capitales brasileñas. Se investigó la PNSB respecto a sus bases conceptuales: modelo de atención en salud bucal, organización de la oferta de servicios de salud bucal, implementación de estrategias de promoción de la salud bucal y existencia de fluoración en las aguas de abastecimiento público. Para eso, se utilizaron datos de los sistemas de información en salud nacionales y la aplicación de un cuestionario cara a cara con coordinadores de salud bucal de 13 capitales seleccionadas. Se controlaron los análisis y se ajustaron por las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población investigada. Se observó una asociación entre las características de promoción de salud bucal, oferta de servicios y modelo de atención, lo que indica que la dinámica de los servicios públicos es dependiente de las prioridades de gestión, así como de su dirección de la política. Se concluye que la PNSB se implementa de forma diferente en las capitales brasileñas, y la forma en la que se implementan sus directrices, en cada capital, favorece o no el desarrollo de mejores prácticas y estrategias de atención en salud bucal. No obstante, la influencia de la PNSB sobre la modificación de los indicadores en salud bucal entre 2003 y 2010 todavía es poco clara.

Ensaio sobre visibilidades e cegueiras no mundo formativo da Odontologia: parte 2 - os estágios e o ensino on-line (remoto) / Essay on visibilities and blindness in the formative world of dentistry: part 2 - internships and online teaching (remote)

O ensaio, parte 2, enfatizao uso ampliado de tecnologias informacionais de ensino virtual (ou remoto)e as possibilidades de inovações nas práticas pedagógicas, técnicas e políticascom especial destaquepara a práxis dos estágios curriculares em Odontologia. O foco aqui debruça-se sobre como no cenário pandêmico produziram-se,pelos órgãos corporativos e nos âmbitos institucionais, normativas de gestãodigitaldas práticas profissionais e educacionais e seus reflexos em se tratando de estágios no Sistema Único de Saúde. Conclui com a crítica sobre asrelações ambivalentes entre o humano e o tecnológico,em particular sobre o conceito de presença no contexto pandêmico, mas indagandotambém sobre horizontes futuros pós-pandêmicosno universo educacional (AU).

The essay, part 2, emphasizes the expanded use of informational technologies for virtual (remote) teaching and the possibilities for innovations in pedagogical, technical, and political practices with special emphasis on the praxis of curricular internships in dentistry. The focus here is on how the pandemic scenario produced regulations by corporate bodies and in institutional spheres, for digital management of professional and educational practices and their consequences in terms of internships in the Unified Health System. It concludes with a critique of the ambivalent relations between the human and the technological, in particular the concept of presence in the pandemic context, but also inquiring about future post-pandemic horizons in the educational universe (AU).

Ensaio sobre visibilidades e cegueiras no mundo formativo da Odontologia: parte 1-estágios no Sistema Único de Saúdeem tempo de pandemia / Essay on visibilities and blindness in the formative world of dentistry: part 1-internships in the Brazilian Unified Health System throughout the pandemic

O ensaio, parte 1, examina como a pandemia da coronavírus disease (Covid-19)está impactando na organização e realização dos estágios curriculares dos cursos de Odontologia no Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS).Aprofunda-se na problematização de contextos pré-pandêmicos e transpandêmicos, retomando o significado formativo social, profissional e pessoal que os estágios no SUS representam para o ensino/aprendizagem inserido no mundo do trabalho. Reflete sobre as reorganizações protagonizadas nas políticas profissionais e de educação em relação aos estágios, para compreender visibilidades e/ou cegueiras que nos sobrevêm diante dos complexos desafios que a situação impõe (AU).

The essay, part 1, examines how the Covid-19 pandemic is influencing the organization and implementation of curricular internships in the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) for dentistry undergraduate courses. It goes into the problematization of pre-and trans-pandemic contexts, resuming the social, professional, and personal formative meaning that internships in SUS represent for teaching/learning inserted in the labor world. It reflects on the reorganizations carried out in professional and educational policies related to internships, in order to understand the visibilities and/or blindness that turn up in the face of the complex challenges imposed by the state of affairs (AU).

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Dental Neglect Scale for five-year-old children in Brazil.

The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Dental Neglect Scale (DNS). The process included (i) Translation; ii) Synthesis; iii) Back translation; (iv) Critical analysis by a committee of experts; (v) Pilot studies (n1=30 + n2=30); and (6) Evaluation and refinement of the instrument. The validated DNS presented a Content Validity Index (CVI) equal to 1.0 for the total score, as well as for each item. In the pilot studies, a minimum agreement level of 80% in understanding was achieved. DNS was properly adapted for Brazilian Portuguese, and it needs further study in a representative sample for reliability and construct validity assessment.

Quality of biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice throughout the world in the early COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: To conduct a systematic review of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-related biosafety guidelines for dental clinical practice in the early stage of the pandemic, focusing on quality assessment. METHODS: Electronic (via PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature database, Brazilian Library in Dentistry, and Cochrane Library) and gray literature searches were performed for documents published up to May 12, 2020. Guidelines updated until April 17, 2021 were identified. Documents were included as guidelines if they (1) consisted of a set of statements, directions, or principles presenting current or future rules or policy; (2) were developed by government agencies, institutions, organizations, or expert panels; and (3) were related to the general conduct of healthcare activities rather a particular condition. Two researchers, using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research & Evaluation II, independently extracted the recommendations and evaluated the quality of the guidelines. RESULTS: Twenty-seven documents from 19 countries were included in the review. These documents presented 122 recommendations related to (1) professional biosafety; (2) patients'/companions' safety; (3) the organization and biosafety of the physical dental facility environment; and (4) the work process in dental care. Overall, the scientific quality of the guidelines was considered low. Some recommendations presented in these guidelines would require further research to establish their effectiveness. CONCLUSIONS: We found a wide variety of biosafety guidelines for dental practice regarding COVID-19 in the early months of the pandemic, but their quality was low. Biosafety recommendations should be frequently updated.

Impact of interprofessional education on the teaching and learning of higher education students: A systematic review.

AIM: This systematic review was to explore the potentialities and limitations of Interprofessional Education (IPE), from the perspective of undergraduate students. BACKGROUND: The increasing complexity in health increasingly demand professionals with the capacity to act in the face of new global challenges. Thus, this pedagogical approach presents itself as one of the most promising choices in facing these new obstacles. DESIGN: A synthesis of quantitative studies and mixed methods. METHODS: Studies involving quantitative analyzes were included, with no restriction on the date of publication and language. The search strategy was carried out in the electronic databases: PubMed, Latin American and Caribbean Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cochrane Library and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). In addition, searches were carried out in gray literature on the ERIC platforms (ProQuest), ProQuest Disserts and Theses Full text and Academic Google. The assessment of the quality of the studies was carried out using the instrument by Downs and Black. The risks of bias in the studies were examined with the aid of the adapted version of the Cochrane Collaboration tool, with the domains of the Downs and Black instrument. RESULTS: After standardized filter procedures, critical summaries and assessment of relevance to the eligibility criteria, 11 articles were included. The results showed that most students have a positive perception of IPE, with different factors influencing this research finding. The need to develop more robust assessment instruments is highlighted, in view of the insufficiency of tools with sufficient methodological rigor to measure real changes in attitudes among different groups of students. CONCLUSION: More consistent research is needed, which assesses, in a longitudinal way, the effects that the IPE has on the teaching and learning of undergraduate students and its impact after professional training.

[Face and construct validation of the Instrument of Evaluation of Maternal and Child Care Networks (IEMCN)]. / Validação de face e construto do Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção Materno-infantil (IARAMI).

The organization of health systems in Health Care Networks (HCN) presents itself as a strategy to overcome the fragmentation of maternal and child health actions and services and to qualify care management. The objective of this study was to validate the Instrument for Evaluation of Maternal and Child Health Care Networks (IARAMI), adapted from the Evaluation Tool of Health Care Networks. The validation process comprised face and construct validation. The methodology used for face validation included the conceptual and semantic adaptation of the instrument and analysis by a panel of experts, through the modified consensus e-Delphi technique. After face validation, IARAMI was applied in a sample of 99 health managers of municipalities in the state of Paraná. The construct validation was conducted through the internal consistency analysis using Cronbach's alpha coefficient and factorial analysis. The factorial analysis technique was applied to each of the dimensions of the instrument, enabling the analysis of communalities. The results showed that IARAMI presented reliability and validity, proving to be a tool that can help managers and health workers in the planning, management, and evaluation of the degree of integration of the maternal and child care network.

A organização dos sistemas de saúde em redes de atenção à saúde (RAS) se apresenta como uma estratégia para superar a fragmentação das ações e serviços de saúde materno-infantil e qualificar a gestão do cuidado. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar o Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção Materno-infantil (IARAMI), adaptado a partir do Instrumento de Avaliação de Redes de Atenção à Saúde. O processo de validação compreendeu a validação de face e construto. A metodologia utilizada para a validação de face incluiu a adaptação conceitual e semântica do instrumento e a análise por um painel de especialistas, por meio da técnica e-Delphi de consenso modificada. Após sua validação de face, o IARAMI foi aplicado em uma amostra de gestores de 99 municípios do estado do Paraná. A validação de construto foi conduzida por análise de consistência interna por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach e de análise fatorial. A técnica de análise fatorial foi aplicada para cada uma das dimensões do instrumento, permitindo a análise de comunalidades. Os resultados evidenciaram que o IARAMI apresentou confiabilidade e validade, demonstrando ser uma ferramenta que pode auxiliar gestores e trabalhadores da saúde no planejamento, na gestão e na avaliação do grau de integração da rede de atenção à saúde materno-infantil.

Trends in general and public health scientific output of authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions among high-impact and SciELO journals: 1995-2019.

This study aimed to assess the percentage of articles with authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions in high-impact journals and SciELO journals and to evaluate trends in 5-year citations according to the author's affiliation and journal category. Bibliometric data were obtained using Scopus database from 1995 to 2019. Publications were selected from four journal categories: High-impact General Health (HGH), High-impact Public Health (HPH), SciELO General Health (SGH) and SciELO Public Health (SPH). The number of citations that were received five years after publication and the percentage of publications with any author affiliated to Brazil were calculated by each year. The same 146 journals were followed. There was a significant increase in percentage of articles with authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions in all sets of journals. Among HGH, there was an increasing from 0.3% to 1.5% between 1995-2019, for HPH from 1% to 3%, for SGH from 49.7% to 55.4%, and for SPH from 47.4% to 71.9%. There was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the mean of 5-year citations in all groups and Brazilian affiliated articles increased more than average. For each 10 years, average HGH articles increased 11.9 citations and Brazilian affiliated articles 32.0 citations. The results suggest that the presence of Brazilian science is increasing, and the scientific impact has increased more than average.

Assessing oral health of crack users in Brazil: Perceptions and associated factors, findings from a mixed methods study.

This study explores associated factors and perceptions of oral health among crack users recruited in open drug scenes in Brazil. A mixed methods approach was used. The quantitative component analysed findings from a large (N = 7381), population-based survey. The outcomes under analysis were 'self-perception of oral health' and 'self-reporting of problems affecting the mouth, teeth and gingiva (gums)'. The qualitative component comprised a focus group, with 12 individuals recruited from a drug treatment clinic. Lower self-perception of oral health problems vis-à-vis a higher prevalence of problems affecting the mouth, teeth, and gingiva were found in users who had a lower level of education, used substances daily, had worse self-perception of physical health, did not receive health care and regularly used alcohol and/or tobacco. The results show an association between substance use and decline in oral health, as well as the lack of health services focusing on such issues. Oral health services should be emphasised as a gateway to the health system. So far, the putative cross-referral between services and professionals working in oral health and other health professionals working in the field of drug dependence has not been observed.

Methods for prevention of early childhood caries: Overview of systematic reviews.

Early childhood caries (ECC) is a global problem, disproportionately affecting disadvantaged populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate systematically the available scientific evidence on the effectiveness of methods for ECC prevention. Six electronic databases were searched. Two independent reviewers selected the publications and analysed the quality of the included systematic reviews. Thirteen studies were included. Overall, eight reviews were classified with methodological quality critically low using the AMSTAR 2, whereas five reviews achieved a high risk of bias using the ROBIS tool. The methods identified that were positively related to the prevention of ECC were as follows: preventive dental programmes for pregnant women; advice on diet and feeding; prenatal oral health care; integration of maternal and children's oral health promotion into nursing practice; maternal oral health programmes undertaken by non-dental health professionals; dental health education in combination with the use of fluoride for children; early preventive dental visits; and the use of fluoride varnish and toothpastes with more than 1000 ppm of fluoride. The currently available evidence supporting the effectiveness of methods for prevention of ECC, although suggesting some methods of greater potential, is still lacking due to the methodological quality of the systematic reviews and the included primary studies.

Trends in general and public health scientific output of authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions among high-impact and SciELO journals: 1995-2019 / Tendências na produção científica em saúde geral e saúde pública por autores filiados a instituições brasileiras em revistas de alto impacto e do SciELO: 1995-2019 / Tendencias de la producción científica en salud general y salud pública de autores afiliados a instituciones brasileñas en publicaciones de alto impacto y del SciELO: 1995-2019

This study aimed to assess the percentage of articles with authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions in high-impact journals and SciELO journals and to evaluate trends in 5-year citations according to the author's affiliation and journal category. Bibliometric data were obtained using Scopus database from 1995 to 2019. Publications were selected from four journal categories: High-impact General Health (HGH), High-impact Public Health (HPH), SciELO General Health (SGH) and SciELO Public Health (SPH). The number of citations that were received five years after publication and the percentage of publications with any author affiliated to Brazil were calculated by each year. The same 146 journals were followed. There was a significant increase in percentage of articles with authors affiliated to Brazilian institutions in all sets of journals. Among HGH, there was an increasing from 0.3% to 1.5% between 1995-2019, for HPH from 1% to 3%, for SGH from 49.7% to 55.4%, and for SPH from 47.4% to 71.9%. There was a significant (p < 0.01) increase in the mean of 5-year citations in all groups and Brazilian affiliated articles increased more than average. For each 10 years, average HGH articles increased 11.9 citations and Brazilian affiliated articles 32.0 citations. The results suggest that the presence of Brazilian science is increasing, and the scientific impact has increased more than average.

O estudo buscou avaliar o percentual de artigos por autores filiados a instituições brasileiras em revistas de alto impacto e do SciELO, além de avaliar as tendências em citações ao longo de cinco anos, de acordo com a filiação do autor e a categoria do periódico. Foram obtidos dados bibliométricos com o uso da base de dados Scopus entre 1995 e 2019. As publicações foram selecionadas em quatro categorias: Saúde Geral com Alto Impacto (SGAP), Saúde Pública com Alto Impacto (SGAP), Saúde Geral no SciELO (SGS) e Saúde Pública no SciELO (SPS). Foi calculado por ano, o número de citações recebidas em cinco anos a partir da publicação e o percentual de publicações com qualquer dos autores filiado a uma instituição brasileira. As mesmas 146 revistas foram acompanhadas. Em todas as categorias de revistas, houve um aumento significativo no percentual de artigos com autores filiados a instituições brasileiras. No SGAP, houve um amento de 0,3% para 1,5% entre 1995 e 2019, no SPAP de 1% para 3%, no SGS de 49,7% para 55,4% e no SPS de 47,4% para 71,9%. Houve um aumento significativo (p < 0,01) na média de citações em cinco anos em todos os grupos, e os artigos com filiação brasileira aumentaram mais que a média. Para cada 10 anos, a média de artigos SGAP aumentou em 11,9 citações e de artigos com filiação brasileira em 32,0 citações. Os resultados sugerem que a presença da ciência brasileira está aumentando, e que o impacto científico aumentou acima da média.

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar el porcentaje de artículos con autores afiliados a instituciones brasileñas en publicaciones de alto impacto y en SciELO, así como para evaluar tendencias en citas durante cinco años, según la afiliación del autor y categoría de la publicación. Los datos bibliométricos se obtuvieron usando la base de datos Scopus desde 1995 a 2019. Las publicaciones fueron seleccionadas de cuatro categorías: Alto Impacto General en Salud (HGH por sus siglas en inglés), Alto Impacto Público en Salud (HPH), SciELO Salud General (SGH) y SciELO Salud Pública (SPH). El número de citas recibidas tras cinco años después de la publicación, y el porcentaje de publicaciones con cualquier autor afiliado a Brasil, se calcularon cada año. Se siguieron las mismas 146 publicaciones. Hubo un significativo incremento en el porcentaje de artículos con autores afiliados a instituciones brasileñas en todos los conjuntos de publicaciones. Entre HGH hubo un aumento del 0,3% al 1,5% entre 1995-2019, en HPH del 1% al 3%, en SGH desde el 49,7% al 55,4%, y en SPH del 47,4% al 71,9%. Hubo un significativo (p < 0,01) aumento en la media de las citas durante cinco años en todos los grupos y los artículos de afiliados brasileños se incrementaron más que el promedio. Por cada 10 años, el promedio de artículos HGH se incrementó en 11,9 citas y las citas de artículos de afiliados brasileños en 32,0 citas. Los resultados sugieren que se está incrementando la presencia de la ciencia brasileña y el impacto científico ha crecido más que la media.

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Dental Neglect Scale for five-year-old children in Brazil

Abstract The aim of this study was to perform a cross-cultural adaptation of the Brazilian version of the Dental Neglect Scale (DNS). The process included (i) Translation; ii) Synthesis; iii) Back translation; (iv) Critical analysis by a committee of experts; (v) Pilot studies (n1=30 + n2=30); and (6) Evaluation and refinement of the instrument. The validated DNS presented a Content Validity Index (CVI) equal to 1.0 for the total score, as well as for each item. In the pilot studies, a minimum agreement level of 80% in understanding was achieved. DNS was properly adapted for Brazilian Portuguese, and it needs further study in a representative sample for reliability and construct validity assessment.

Implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal e sua influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais brasileiras na primeira década do século XXI / Implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy and its influence on oral health conditions in Brazilian state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century / Implantación de la Política Nacional de Salud Bucal y su influencia sobre la morbilidad bucal en capitales brasileñas durante la primera década del siglo XXI

Objetivou-se analisar estratégias de implantação da Política Nacional de Saúde Bucal (PNSB) e sua possível influência sobre a morbidade bucal em capitais do Brasil na primeira década do século XXI. Trata-se de um estudo de avaliação de políticas. Os dados de morbidade bucal foram obtidos nos bancos das Pesquisas Nacionais de Saúde Bucal em 2003 e 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 e SBBrasil 2010), sendo calculada a modificação percentual anual de variáveis relativas às condições de saúde bucal como variáveis dependentes para as capitais brasileiras. A PNSB foi investigada relativamente às suas bases conceituais: modelo de atenção em saúde bucal, organização da oferta de serviços de saúde bucal, implementação de estratégias de promoção da saúde bucal e existência de fluoretação nas águas de abastecimento público. Para isso, foram utilizados dados dos sistemas de informação em saúde nacionais e aplicação de questionário face a face com coordenadores de saúde bucal de 13 capitais selecionadas. As análises foram controladas e ajustadas pelas condições socioeconômicas da população investigada. Observou-se uma associação entre as características de promoção de saúde bucal, da oferta de serviços e do modelo de atenção, o que representa que a dinâmica dos serviços públicos é dependente das prioridades de gestão e da condução da política. Conclui-se que a PNSB é implementada de forma diferente nas capitais brasileiras e o modo de condução de suas diretrizes, em cada capital, favorece ou não o desenvolvimento de melhores práticas e estratégias na atenção à saúde bucal. Contudo, a influência da PNSB sobre a modificação nos indicadores de saúde bucal entre 2003 e 2010 ainda é pouco clara.

The study aimed to analyze strategies for the implementation of the Brazilian National Oral Health Policy (PNSB) and its influence on oral health conditions in state capitals in the first decade of the 21st century. This is a policy assessment study. Data on oral health conditions were obtained from the databases of the Brazilian National Oral Health Surveys in 2003 and 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 and SBBrasil 2010), calculating the annual percent change in variables pertaining to oral health conditions as dependent variables for Brazilian state capitals. The PNSB was analyzed according to its conceptual foundations: oral healthcare model, organization of the supply of oral health services, implementation of oral health promotion strategies, and existence of fluoridation of the public water supply. Data were obtained from the national health databases and face-to-face interviews with oral health coordinators in 13 state capitals. The analyses were controlled and adjusted by the target population's socioeconomic conditions. An association was observed between the characteristics of oral health promotion, services supply, and model of care, indicating that the public services' dynamic is dependent on the management priorities and the policy's conduction. In conclusion, the PNSB is implemented differently in Brazil's state capitals according to the ways its guidelines are conducted in each capital and whether it favors best practices and strategies in oral healthcare. However, the influence of the PNSB is still not clear on the modification of oral health indicators from 2003 to 2010.

El objetivo fue analizar estrategias de implantación de la Política Nacional de Salud Bucal (PNSB) y su posible influencia sobre la morbilidad bucal en capitales de Brasil, durante la primera década del siglo XXI. Se trata de un estudio de evaluación de políticas. Los datos de morbilidad bucal se obtuvieron en los bancos de datos de las Encuestas Nacionales de Salud Bucal en 2003 y 2010 (SBBrasil 2003 y SBBrasil 2010), calculándose la modificación del porcentaje anual de variables relacionadas con las condiciones de salud bucal, como variables dependientes para las capitales brasileñas. Se investigó la PNSB respecto a sus bases conceptuales: modelo de atención en salud bucal, organización de la oferta de servicios de salud bucal, implementación de estrategias de promoción de la salud bucal y existencia de fluoración en las aguas de abastecimiento público. Para eso, se utilizaron datos de los sistemas de información en salud nacionales y la aplicación de un cuestionario cara a cara con coordinadores de salud bucal de 13 capitales seleccionadas. Se controlaron los análisis y se ajustaron por las condiciones socioeconómicas de la población investigada. Se observó una asociación entre las características de promoción de salud bucal, oferta de servicios y modelo de atención, lo que indica que la dinámica de los servicios públicos es dependiente de las prioridades de gestión, así como de su dirección de la política. Se concluye que la PNSB se implementa de forma diferente en las capitales brasileñas, y la forma en la que se implementan sus directrices, en cada capital, favorece o no el desarrollo de mejores prácticas y estrategias de atención en salud bucal. No obstante, la influencia de la PNSB sobre la modificación de los indicadores en salud bucal entre 2003 y 2010 todavía es poco clara.

[Obstacles to public governance and their influence on oral healthcare in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil]. / Óbices da governança pública e sua influência sobre a atenção à saúde bucal no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil.

The study aimed to analyze public governance in the regionalized healthcare network in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and its influence on decision-making in the organization of oral healthcare. This was an exploratory analytical study with a qualitative approach, with the methodology based on Grounded Theory. Thirty in-depth interviews were held with managers from the Regional Inter-Managers Commissions and Bipartite Commissions (CIR and CIB, respectively, in Portuguese), under the State Health Department, representatives from the State Health Councils, and administrators of specialized oral healthcare services, in two sample groups, in addition to non-participant observation in CIB meetings. After comparative data analysis, the theoretical model was formulated in which the central category was expressed in the title Influence of Failures in Governance on the Oral Healthcare Network: The Erratic Expansion of Services by Vertical Induction and Confirmation of the Peripheral Status Assigned to Oral Health. The governance practiced in the Santa Catarina State Health System displays well-established formal support structures, such as the consolidation of the CIR. However, weaknesses were identified that reveal problems in the governance systems' legitimacy. The situation perpetuates the peripheral status assigned to the structuring of oral healthcare in network format and the erratic expansion of services, characterized by vertical induction and without contextualized recognition of oral health problems as guidance for planning the services. There is a need for greater public awareness and the inclusion of professionals and managers that can advocate for the importance of oral health as a major priority in public health policies.

Objetivou-se analisar a governança pública empreendida na rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde em Santa Catarina, Brasil, e sua influência sobre a tomada de decisão quanto à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal. Estudo exploratório-analítico, com abordagem qualitativa e sustentação metodológica na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Realizaram-se 30 entrevistas em profundidade com gestores das Comissões Intergestores Regional (CIR) e Bipartite (CIB), da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, representantes do Conselho Estadual de Saúde e gestores de serviços especializados em saúde bucal, em dois grupos amostrais, além de observação não participante em reuniões da CIB. Após análise comparativa dos dados, formulou-se o modelo teórico cuja categorial central foi expressa sob título Influência das Falhas da Governança sobre a Rede de Atenção à Saúde Bucal: A Expansão Errante de Serviços por Indução Vertical e Ratificação do Caráter Periférico Dado à Saúde Bucal. A governança empreendida no sistema de saúde catarinense apresenta estruturas formais e de apoio bem estabelecidas, como a consolidação das CIR. No entanto, identificaram-se fragilidades as quais revelam problemas na legitimidade do sistema de governança. Perpetua-se a posição periférica dada à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal em rede e à expansão errante dos serviços, caracterizada por indução vertical e sem o reconhecimento contextualizado dos agravos em saúde bucal como guia para o planejamento dos serviços. Há a necessidade de maior conscientização pública e inclusão de profissionais e gestores com espírito de advocacy para propugnar um novo protagonismo da atenção à saúde bucal nas políticas públicas de saúde.

El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la gobernanza pública emprendida en la red regionalizada de atención en salud en Santa Catarina, Brasil, y su influencia sobre la toma de decisiones respecto a la estructuración de la atención en la salud bucal. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-analítico, con enfoque cualitativo, y apoyado metodológicamente en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. Se realizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad, con gestores de las Comisiones Intergestoras Regional (CIR) y Bipartita (CIB), de la Secretaría Provincial de Salud, representantes del Consejo Provincial de Salud y gestores de servicios especializados en salud bucal, en dos grupos de muestras; además de la observación no participante en reuniones de la CIB. Tras el análisis comparativo de los datos, se formuló un modelo teórico, cuya categoría central se expresó bajo el título Influencia de los Fallos de la Gobernanza sobre la Red de Atención en Salud Bucal: La Expansión Errante de Servicios por Inducción Vertical y Ratificación del Carácter Periférico Otorgado a la Salud Bucal. La gobernanza emprendida en el sistema de salud catarinense presenta estructuras formales y de apoyo bien establecidas, como la consolidación de las CIR. No obstante, se identificaron fragilidades, que revelan problemas en la legitimidad del sistema de gobernanza. Se perpetúa su posición periférica, debido a la estructuración en red de la atención en salud bucal y la expansión errante de sus servicios, caracterizada por la inducción vertical, y sin el reconocimiento contextualizado de los problemas en salud bucal, como guía para la planificación de los servicios. Existe la necesidad de una mayor concienciación pública, así como la inclusión de profesionales y gestores con espíritu de advocacy para que propugnen un nuevo protagonismo de la atención en salud bucal dentro de las políticas públicas de salud.

Óbices da governança pública e sua influência sobre a atenção à saúde bucal no Estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil / Obstacles to public governance and their influence on oral healthcare in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil / Obstáculos de la gobernanza pública y su influencia sobre la atención en la salud bucal en el estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil

Resumo: Objetivou-se analisar a governança pública empreendida na rede regionalizada de atenção à saúde em Santa Catarina, Brasil, e sua influência sobre a tomada de decisão quanto à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal. Estudo exploratório-analítico, com abordagem qualitativa e sustentação metodológica na Teoria Fundamentada nos Dados. Realizaram-se 30 entrevistas em profundidade com gestores das Comissões Intergestores Regional (CIR) e Bipartite (CIB), da Secretaria Estadual de Saúde, representantes do Conselho Estadual de Saúde e gestores de serviços especializados em saúde bucal, em dois grupos amostrais, além de observação não participante em reuniões da CIB. Após análise comparativa dos dados, formulou-se o modelo teórico cuja categorial central foi expressa sob título Influência das Falhas da Governança sobre a Rede de Atenção à Saúde Bucal: A Expansão Errante de Serviços por Indução Vertical e Ratificação do Caráter Periférico Dado à Saúde Bucal. A governança empreendida no sistema de saúde catarinense apresenta estruturas formais e de apoio bem estabelecidas, como a consolidação das CIR. No entanto, identificaram-se fragilidades as quais revelam problemas na legitimidade do sistema de governança. Perpetua-se a posição periférica dada à estruturação da atenção à saúde bucal em rede e à expansão errante dos serviços, caracterizada por indução vertical e sem o reconhecimento contextualizado dos agravos em saúde bucal como guia para o planejamento dos serviços. Há a necessidade de maior conscientização pública e inclusão de profissionais e gestores com espírito de advocacy para propugnar um novo protagonismo da atenção à saúde bucal nas políticas públicas de saúde.

Abstract: The study aimed to analyze public governance in the regionalized healthcare network in the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil, and its influence on decision-making in the organization of oral healthcare. This was an exploratory analytical study with a qualitative approach, with the methodology based on Grounded Theory. Thirty in-depth interviews were held with managers from the Regional Inter-Managers Commissions and Bipartite Commissions (CIR and CIB, respectively, in Portuguese), under the State Health Department, representatives from the State Health Councils, and administrators of specialized oral healthcare services, in two sample groups, in addition to non-participant observation in CIB meetings. After comparative data analysis, the theoretical model was formulated in which the central category was expressed in the title Influence of Failures in Governance on the Oral Healthcare Network: The Erratic Expansion of Services by Vertical Induction and Confirmation of the Peripheral Status Assigned to Oral Health. The governance practiced in the Santa Catarina State Health System displays well-established formal support structures, such as the consolidation of the CIR. However, weaknesses were identified that reveal problems in the governance systems' legitimacy. The situation perpetuates the peripheral status assigned to the structuring of oral healthcare in network format and the erratic expansion of services, characterized by vertical induction and without contextualized recognition of oral health problems as guidance for planning the services. There is a need for greater public awareness and the inclusion of professionals and managers that can advocate for the importance of oral health as a major priority in public health policies.

Resumen: El objetivo del trabajo fue analizar la gobernanza pública emprendida en la red regionalizada de atención en salud en Santa Catarina, Brasil, y su influencia sobre la toma de decisiones respecto a la estructuración de la atención en la salud bucal. Se trata de un estudio exploratorio-analítico, con enfoque cualitativo, y apoyado metodológicamente en la Teoría Fundamentada en Datos. Se realizaron 30 entrevistas en profundidad, con gestores de las Comisiones Intergestoras Regional (CIR) y Bipartita (CIB), de la Secretaría Provincial de Salud, representantes del Consejo Provincial de Salud y gestores de servicios especializados en salud bucal, en dos grupos de muestras; además de la observación no participante en reuniones de la CIB. Tras el análisis comparativo de los datos, se formuló un modelo teórico, cuya categoría central se expresó bajo el título Influencia de los Fallos de la Gobernanza sobre la Red de Atención en Salud Bucal: La Expansión Errante de Servicios por Inducción Vertical y Ratificación del Carácter Periférico Otorgado a la Salud Bucal. La gobernanza emprendida en el sistema de salud catarinense presenta estructuras formales y de apoyo bien establecidas, como la consolidación de las CIR. No obstante, se identificaron fragilidades, que revelan problemas en la legitimidad del sistema de gobernanza. Se perpetúa su posición periférica, debido a la estructuración en red de la atención en salud bucal y la expansión errante de sus servicios, caracterizada por la inducción vertical, y sin el reconocimiento contextualizado de los problemas en salud bucal, como guía para la planificación de los servicios. Existe la necesidad de una mayor concienciación pública, así como la inclusión de profesionales y gestores con espíritu de advocacy para que propugnen un nuevo protagonismo de la atención en salud bucal dentro de las políticas públicas de salud.